{"id":2908,"date":"2018-11-16T16:36:38","date_gmt":"2018-11-16T09:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/?p=2908"},"modified":"2025-01-08T22:28:48","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T15:28:48","slug":"urea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/urea\/","title":{"rendered":"Urea (Carbamide)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u00ean ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t :<\/em> Carbamide (Urea)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: <\/em><\/strong>Thu\u1ed1c da li\u1ec5u, l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u th\u1ea5m th\u1ea5u. Thu\u1ed1c k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1eed cung. Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5n \u0111o\u00e1n nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n Helicobacter pylori.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m<\/em><\/strong> ph\u00e1p l\u00fd: <\/em><\/strong>Thu\u1ed1c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n ETC \u2013 (Ethical drugs, prescription drugs, Prescription only medicine)<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00e3 ATC<\/em><\/strong> (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical): B05BC02, D02AE01.<\/p>\n

Brand name:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Generic <\/em><\/strong>: Carbamide , Urea ,\u00a0Softerin<\/a>,\u00a0Eusoftyl cream,\u00a0Axcel Urea Cream<\/a>, Cellartmimona,\u00a0A.T Urea<\/p>\n

2. D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf – H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: <\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kem b\u00f4i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 10%, 20%, 39%, 40%, 50%.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00fac, r\u1eeda 10%, 40%, 50%.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c m\u1ee1 10%, 20%.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 40 g ur\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 pha dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
EUSOFTYL CREAM<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u1ed7i gram kem b\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a:<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Urea<\/td>\n………………………….<\/td>\n100 mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n………………………….<\/td>\nv\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 (Xem m\u1ee5c 6.1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3. Video by Pharmog:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[VIDEO D\u01af\u1ee2C L\u00dd]<\/strong><\/p>\n

————————————————<\/p>\n

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\u25ba Website: pharmog.com<\/p>\n

4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng: <\/strong><\/p>\n

4.1. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7: \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u1ea3y c\u00e1, b\u1ec7nh v\u1ea3y n\u1ebfn, t\u0103ng d\u00e0y s\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch: \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c s\u1ecd n\u00e3o do ph\u00f9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nh\u00e3n \u00e1p trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ed1ng (gl\u00f4c\u00f4m) c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 n\u00ean manitol th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eam v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea 40 – 50% \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac mang thai. U\u1ed1ng li\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n 13<\/sup>C-ur\u00ea: Ch\u1ea5n \u0111o\u00e1n in vivo<\/em> nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n Helicobacter pylori.<\/em><\/p>\n

4.2. Li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng – C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng<\/em><\/strong> : Xem chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7:<\/em> \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u1ea3y c\u00e1, b\u1ec7nh v\u1ea3y n\u1ebfn, t\u0103ng d\u00e0y s\u1eebng: B\u00f4i kem ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c x\u1ee9c (lotion) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 5 – 25% ur\u00ea l\u00ean ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea5m c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ur\u00ea cao h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 30 – 40% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng, lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 40% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf m\u00f3ng. B\u00f4i 2 l\u1ea7n\/ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c s\u1ecd n\u00e3o do ph\u00f9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nh\u00e3n \u00e1p trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ed1ng (gl\u00f4c\u00f4m) c\u1ea5p:<\/em> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea 30% trong dung d\u1ecbch glucose 5 – 10% hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea3o 10% v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 4 ml\/ph\u00fat v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u 0,5 – 1,5 g\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ed1i \u0111a 120 g\/ng\u00e0y. Tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean 2 tu\u1ed5i: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. Tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 tu\u1ed5i, li\u1ec1u 100 mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i s\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e3n \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong kho\u1ea3ng 12 gi\u1edd sau khi ti\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac mang thai<\/em> (g\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebb trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac mang thai trong 3 th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3, thai kho\u1ea3ng 16 tu\u1ea7n tu\u1ed5i). Truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea 40 – 50%. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean khoa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tai bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 sau: Chu\u1ea5n b\u1ecb dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i: Th\u00eam v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eam dextrose 5% v\u00e0o 80 g ur\u00ea \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 150 – 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ur\u00ea kho\u1ea3ng 500 mg\/ml (50%) ho\u1eb7c 400 mg\/ml (40%) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, pH c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch kho\u1ea3ng 7 – 7,5.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u01b0a kim ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u00fai \u1ed1i, l\u1ea5y 1 ml d\u1ecbch \u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t, n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch \u1ed1i c\u00f3 m\u00e1u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a kim ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u00fat h\u1ebft d\u1ecbch \u1ed1i (kho\u1ea3ng 200 – 250 ml) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng trong bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i trong kho\u1ea3ng 20 – 30 ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi theo d\u00f5i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ADR n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng thu\u1ed1c, xem x\u00e9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi dung d\u1ecbch oxytoxin lo\u00e3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong v\u00f2ng 1 – 2 gi\u1edd truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n dung d\u1ecbch oxytocin kho\u1ea3ng 10 – 100 mili \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb\/ph\u00fat. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam 80 mg ur\u00ea \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 (pha nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean) truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong 48 gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n dung d\u1ecbch oxytoxin lo\u00e3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n in vivo nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n Helicobacter pylori<\/em> : U\u1ed1ng li\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n 13<\/sup>C-ur\u00ea t\u1eeb 50 mg, 75 mg ho\u1eb7c 100 mg tu\u1ef3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 sinh ph\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

4.3. Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn v\u1edbi ur\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7u do suy th\u1eadn n\u1eb7ng hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u th\u1eed thu\u1ed1c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch; suy gan v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c th\u00ec c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u0103ng amoniac huy\u1ebft; xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft n\u1ed9i s\u1ecd \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o nh\u1ea1t, b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng dung n\u1ea1p fructose c\u00f3 t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n (thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t aldolase).<\/p>\n

4.4 Th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea k\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n manitol, khi ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, vi\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ti\u00eam. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch chi d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i. Ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch nhanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tan m\u00e1u. Nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m khi d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch glucose ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea3o (invert sugar).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ur\u00ea \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c \u1edf m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng da b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb hay b\u1ecb vi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh suy gan v\u00e0 suy th\u1eadn nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Khi d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac mang thai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu c\u01a1, ng\u1ee7 l\u1ecbm \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ur\u00ea c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi oxytocin.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ur\u00ea huy\u1ebft t\u0103ng cao khi tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kem b\u00f4i da c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ur\u00ea, v\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed1c ur\u00ea n\u00e0o cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1i xe v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

4.5 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai v\u00e0 cho con b\u00fa:<\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/em><\/p>\n

AU TGA pregnancy category: B2<\/p>\n

US FDA pregnancy category: NA<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai:<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai khi d\u00f9ng ur\u00ea. N\u00ean d\u00f9ng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang thai.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cho con b\u00fa:<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cho con b\u00fa.<\/p>\n

4.6 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n (ADR):<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ur\u00ea l\u00e0: \u0110au \u0111\u1ea7u, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f4n, g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u00f4, g\u00e2y \u0111au t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ti\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed n\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ra ngo\u00e0i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch. Ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch chi d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i n\u00f4ng hay s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea5m ur\u00ea th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha trong dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a fructose. Fructose n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, n\u00f4n, run ch\u00e2n tay, ng\u1ea5t, m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u ni\u1ec7u) \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng dung n\u1ea1p fructose di truy\u1ec1n (thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t aldolase).<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch oxytocin \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang thai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac mang thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7ng c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u00f3t nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, s\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea5n, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng d\u1ea1 con. Hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1ch lan t\u1ecfa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 khi truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ur\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c b\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho B\u00e1c s\u0129 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/em><\/p>\n

4.7 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch x\u1eed tr\u00ed ADR:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u1eb9, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ng\u1eebng thu\u1ed1c. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (gi\u1eef tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng epinephrin, th\u1edf oxygen, d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng histamin, corticoid…).<\/p>\n

4.8 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft lithi qua th\u1eadn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ni\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf anhydrase carbonic. Arginin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nit\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ur\u00ea trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u0103ng kali huy\u1ebft n\u1eb7ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb suy th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

4.9 Qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u v\u00e0 x\u1eed tr\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb \u0111au r\u00e1t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u00f4i thu\u1ed1c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch kem thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n

5. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c :<\/strong><\/p>\n

5.1. D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea (carbamid) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kem hay m\u1ee1 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m da v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho da lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea (carbamid) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ni\u1ec7u song v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 n\u00ean cho t\u1edbi nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng n\u1eefa m\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng manitol.<\/p>\n

Dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea 40 – 50% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac mang thai trong 3 th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng carbon-13 (13<\/sup>C) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n \u0111o\u00e1n in vivo <\/em>nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n Helicobacter pylori<\/em>.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ur\u00ea l\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u1eaby c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a protein s\u1eebng, th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng hydrat h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ti\u00eau keratin, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3c v\u1ea3y \u1edf l\u1edbp s\u1eebng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p da b\u1ecb s\u1eebng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 da (b\u1ec7nh v\u1ea5y c\u00e1 – ichthyosis, b\u1ec7nh v\u1ea5y n\u1ebfn – psoriasis…). Ur\u00ea c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c th\u1ea5m qua da nhanh h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p thu c\u1ee7a hydrocortison l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam hydrocortison 1% v\u00e0o trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam da.<\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea (carbamid) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i ni\u1ec7u theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5m th\u1ea5u, song v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 n\u00ean cho t\u1edbi nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng n\u1eefa m\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng manitol.<\/p>\n

Dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea 40 – 50% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac mang thai trong 3 th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng prostaglandin t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e0ng r\u1ee5ng (decidual cells) b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch oxytocin truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1n co t\u1eed cung \u0111\u1ea5y thai ra v\u00e0 bong nhau thai, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng 30 – 40% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3y thai kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng carbon-13 (13<\/sup>C) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n \u0111o\u00e1n in vivo <\/em>nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n Helicobacter pylori<\/em> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 13<\/sup>C-carbon dioxyd \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong h\u01a1i th\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t 13<\/sup>C-ur\u00ea, b\u1edfi v\u00ec H. pylori<\/em> sinh ra urease th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea th\u00e0nh amonia v\u00e0 carbon dioxyd, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 13<\/sup>C-carbon dioxyd th\u1eeba so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi u\u1ed1ng 13<\/sup>C-ur\u00ea. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 4 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng 2 tu\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft d\u1ecbch v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

[XEM T\u1ea0I \u0110\u00c2Y]<\/strong><\/p>\n

5.2. D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu r\u1ea5t nhanh qua \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y – ru\u1ed9t. Ur\u00ea b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n t\u1ea1o amoniac v\u00e0 carbon dioxyd r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ur\u00ea. Ur\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft (lympho), m\u1eadt, d\u1ecbch n\u00e3o t\u1ee7y v\u00e0 m\u00e1u; ur\u00ea qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o nhau thai v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng \u1ed1i dung d\u1ecbch ur\u00ea 40 – 50%, kho\u1ea3ng 10% thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhanh v\u00e0o m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. Thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft, v\u00e0o m\u1eadt, d\u1ecbch n\u00e3o t\u1ee7y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed1c trong m\u00e1u, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 BUN t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 33 – 38 mg\/ml \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00f2ng 4 gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 BUN tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng sau 24 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Ur\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean d\u1ea1ng qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, n\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb 1,17 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

5.3 Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

5.4 Thay th\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c : <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

*L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean Pharmog.com ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o – Khi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tu\u00e2n theo theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c s\u0129 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra do t\u1ef1 \u00fd d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean Pharmog.com<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

6. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin k\u00e8m theo c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

6.1. Danh m\u1ee5c t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

6.2. T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ur\u00ea c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00e1u to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tan huy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

6.3. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n: <\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t v\u00f4 khu\u1ea5n ur\u00ea d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec7m acid citric, v\u00ec v\u1eady natri hydroxyd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH. N\u00ean pha ch\u1ebf ur\u00ea ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0i gi\u1edd sau khi pha v\u00e0 trong 48 gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf 2 – 8 o<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian h\u00f2a tan dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian h\u00f2a tan th\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u1ea5m dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f2a tan \u1edf 60 o<\/sup>C ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ur\u00ea, d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t do t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ur\u00ea.<\/p>\n

N\u00ean b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea5m kem \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi 25o<\/sup>C. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p>\n

6.4. Th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

6.5 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u01b0 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c HDSD Thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i \/T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi: B\u00e1c s\u0129 nhi khoa – \u0110\u1ed7 M\u1ef9 Linh.<\/a><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t , hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i: PHARMOG TEAM<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. T\u00ean ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c: Ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t : Carbamide (Urea) Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: Thu\u1ed1c da li\u1ec5u, l\u1ee3i ti\u1ec3u th\u1ea5m th\u1ea5u. Thu\u1ed1c k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1eed cung. Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5n \u0111o\u00e1n nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n Helicobacter pylori. Nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd: Thu\u1ed1c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n ETC \u2013 (Ethical drugs, prescription drugs, Prescription only medicine) M\u00e3 ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical): B05BC02, D02AE01. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[968,967],"class_list":["post-2908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thuoc-a-z","tag-carbamide","tag-urea"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2908"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26365,"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908\/revisions\/26365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmog.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}